
Prioritize rim joists, top plates, attic hatches, recessed lights, and duct penetrations where pressure differences magnify losses. One homeowner found a palm‑sized gap behind a bathtub that explained winter drafts; a $12 kit fixed it, saving comfort and hundreds of kilowatt‑hours annually.

Match materials to climate and assembly: dense‑pack cellulose for retrofitting closed cavities, mineral wool near high temperatures, spray foam only where vapor control is critical and detailing impeccable. Always pair air sealing with appropriate ventilation to manage humidity, protect finishes, and safeguard indoor health.

Weekend sealing with caulk, mastic, and gaskets can deliver immediate gains, but blower‑door‑guided work and dense‑pack installation benefit from trained crews. Mix approaches strategically: tackle accessible areas yourself, then hire pros for dense areas and verification so warranties, safety, and performance stay rock‑solid.
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